A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect (汕頭方言音義字典) / kṳn

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根

• The roots of plants; origin, beginning, cause, foundation; fundamental, radical.

• chīu kṳn;

  the roots of trees.

• cêk tîo kṳn chẁn kàu hn̆g-hn̆g kò̤ khṳ̀;

  a root has made its way to a long distance.

• hó̤ kṳn tói;

  the bottom of a thing; the cause, or origin of a thing.

• i kâi sĭm-mih kṳn-tí?

  What is at the bottom of it all?

• i kâi kṳn-pún sĭ chông tī-kò̤ lâi kâi?

  Whence comes the original cause?

• cí kâi ūe tàⁿ chut lâi bô̤ kṳn;

  there is no foundation for this story.

• kui kṳn, sĭ cò̤-nî?

  To go back to its origin, what does it amount to?

• sòi mn̄g i kâi kṳn-îu;

  carefully inquire into its origin.

• bô̤ kṳn cúi-lâu-phîe;

  a rootless weed that floats on the surface of the water; a vagrant.

• ŭ sĭm-mih kṳn-kṳ̆ mē?

  Is there any well based evidence of it?

• kṳn chim, lih kù;

  roots deep and rootlets tough.

• cám cháu, tṳ̂ kṳn;

  cut down the weeds and destroy their roots; utterly eradicate.

• lṳ́ thóiⁿ cí kâi a-noⁿ-kíaⁿ ŭ kṳn-ki a bô̤?

  Do you think this child has much vigor?

• à pit chêng-chīu kṳn;

  split a banyan root by argument.

• ngŵn kṳn sĭ tī-tîang kâi?

  Whose was the original foundation?

• cía phò úa sĭ kìo i bói tn̆g kṳn kâi;

  as to this shop, I have bought him out altogether.

• i cē bô̤ cîⁿ, cū tó̤ hwn châng kṳn, chù kṳn;

  being out of money, he is selling off his fields and houses, without reservation.

• tŏ̤ i chù sĭ tó̤ kă hun-kuah kṳn;

  in his house they live on sweet potatoes.

• hṳ́ cho̤h nâng cū sĭ i kâi kṳn-mîoⁿ;

  those people are his offspring.

• pàng kàu chin-chĭeⁿ seⁿ kṳn tùe tī hìeⁿ-seⁿ;

  if you set it down, it is as if it produced roots and adhered to the earth.

筋

• The tendons; the sinews; applied also to the veins and nerves; sinewy, strong.

• cêk sin tau kṳn, pâk kut;

  a sharp pain in the joints over the whole body.

• cá-jît hut-jîen cū thiu kha kṳn;

  was taken suddenly with a cramp in the leg yesterday.

• mīn-tèng tîo cheⁿ-kṳn phû-phû;

  a swollen vein on the face.

• i kâi phûe khah pô̤h, hía kṳn cêk tîo cêk tîo, thóiⁿ hīn-hĭn;

  her complexion is too transparent, and the veins can be plainly seen.

• hàm i lâi kio úa lîah pùe kṳn;

  t«ll him to come and knead my back for me, to ease the pain.

• cí kò̤ sĭ cóng kṳn thâu;

  this is a nerve centre.

• tōa kṳn;

  sinews.

• âng kṳn;

  arteries.

• jī sìa tōa kṳn;

  the letters are written with bold strokes.

• kuah tīo i nŏ̤ tîo kha kṳn;

  to cut the tendons of the legs, (a terrible punishment).

• mīⁿ kṳn;

  tough strings of dried dough.

• hueh kṳn;

  blood vessels.

• gû-nêk tîeh kuah màiⁿ seⁿ kûn kâi;

  you must get beef which has no tendons in it.

• hía kṳn jūn căi, pō m̄ lô̤h;

  that tendon is very tough, I cannot chew it.

• phû kṳn lò kut;

  become emaciated.

• i kâi kha kṳn cē sek ngĕ, tōa nâng tàⁿ i cū m̄ thiaⁿ;

  as soon as he gets upon his own legs, he will give no heed to what his elders say to him.

• i jíang kàu ăm kṳn phòng-phòng;

  he shrieked until his throat was ready to burst.

• cí īeⁿ îeh ŏi càng kṳn kut;

  this medicine will impart muscular strength.

斤

• The Chinese pound; its weight differs in different localities: by treaty a catty is fixed at 1 ⅓ pounds averdupois.

• cêk kṳn nŏ̤ kṳn ŭ;

  I have perhaps a catty or two.

• pùaⁿ kṳn tùi poih níe;

  a half a catty is as good as eight onnces.

• cêk tàⁿ cêk peh kṳn;

  a picul is a hundred catties,

• ŭ kúi kṳn tăng?

  How many catties does it weigh?

• taⁿ choiⁿ kṳn tàⁿ;

  carrying a burden of a thousand catties.

• i kâi chìn kṳn-nìe síam;

  this steelyard gives short weight.

• cí ki chìn, níe cìeⁿ tōa, kṳu cìeⁿ síam;

  on this steelyard, the ounces are over weight and the catties under weight.

• cêk kṳn sĭ câp-lâk níe a sĭ câp-poih níe?

  Is the pound one of sixteen ounces, or one of eighteen ounces?

• pha bô̤ kṳn táu;

  to turn somersaults.

跟

• To follow at one’s heels.

• kṳn-sûi;

  to follow, as au attendant.

• câp nâng kṳn, poih nâng sûi;

  a number of persons followed as attendants.

• i sĭ tó̤ kṳn kuaⁿ kâi nâng;

  he is one who acts as attendant on a magisti-ate.

• i pat kṳn kùe tău-thâi;

  he has been an attendant on the Prefect.

• cí nŏ̤ kâi chiah-kha sĭ ciu-jît kṳu-sûi i kâi;

  these two large footed women attend upon her all day.

巾

• A napkin; a kerchief.

• chíu kṳn; kūaⁿ kṳn;

  a handkerchief.

• thâu kṳn;

  a head-cloth.

• thâu-tèng tà cêk kò̤ o kṳn;

  wore a black head-cloth.

• jìo-se tèng tùe kŭa cêk lîap o kṳn kho-hue;

  on the crape was fixed such an ornament as elderly women usually wear on a black head-cloth.

• so kṳn;

  a plain herchief.

• tang-îeⁿ kṳn;

  a foreign kerchief.

均

• To equalize; to adjust; even; level.

• pun lâi m̄ kṳn-pêⁿ;

  they are not impartially distributed.

• tăi-ke lâi kṳn hun;

  come all of you and take equal shares.

• kṳn sĭ ŭ iah kâi sṳ̄;

  impartial adjustment is beneficial.

僅

• Nothing over; hardly enough; scarcely; little short only; nothing more.

• i kṳ́n sĭ cìeⁿ-seⁿ tàⁿ tīaⁿ-tīaⁿ;

  he said just this and nothing more.

• úa kṳ́n lâi cêk hûe;

  I came but once.

• kṳ́n-kṳ́n kio i cò̤-pṳ̂ cîah cêk tńg tīaⁿ;

  ate with him only once.

• put kùe kṳ́n-kṳ́n kàu ēng;

  have no more than barely enough.

• kṳ́n sĭ i cai tīaⁿ, pât nâng m̄ cai;

  he only knows, no one else knows.

謹

• Diligent; careful; vigilant; serious; attentive; respectful.

• lṳ́ tîeh kṳ́n sim;

  you must give your whole mind to it.

• cang lói-mûeh khṳ̀ kṳ́n kŭ i;

  take offerings and respectfully present them to him.

• kṳ́n cun i kâi mĕng-lĕng;

  sedulously attend to his orders.

巹

• The nuptial wine cup.

• kîaⁿ hâh-kṳ́n kâi lói;

  perform the rite of partaking of the nuptial wine.

饉

• A dearth of vegetables.

• keⁿ-chài bô̤ siu-sêng kìe-cò̤ kṳ̀n;

  when vegetables do not come to perfection there is said to be a vegetable famine.

• ki-kṳ̀n kâi sî-hāu;

  a time of dearth.

屭

• To exert all one’s strength; to struggle on.

• i kâi lâk sòi, sĭ khak-khó kṳ̀n kâi, m̄ sĭ cò̤ tit lâi;

  she has little strength, and it is done with great effort, it is not what she is really able to do.

• úa thóiⁿ i ciu jît kṳ̀n kàu chám căi;

  I see that he exerts himself painfully all day.

• tàⁿ li tăng, lâk li bô̤, khak-sí-khó tó̤ kṳ̀n;

  the burden is heavy, the strength gone, and he is struggling on as if for life.

艮

• The third of the eight diagrams.

• pok tîeh kâi kṳ̀n khùe;

  cast the eighth diagram when divining.

凝

• To congeal; to coagulate; to curdle; to stiffen; to freeze.

• cē lā chìn cū kṳ̂n;

  as soon as it cools it will stiffen.

• íⁿ-keng kṳ̂n mīn;

  has already stiffened on the surface.

• lâ kṳn kàu kò̤;

  the fat has stiffened and formed a single lump.

• chìn kàu în kṳ̂n-tàng;

  so cold that the oil has become solid.

• thiⁿ-sî jṳ̂ah, nêk-thng phû lío, bŏi kṳ̂n-tàng;

  when the weather is hot, the soup does not stiffen after being cooked.

胵

• The gizzard.

• koi kṳ̆n, ah kṳ̆n, gô̤ kṳ̆n;

  the gizzards of chickens, ducks, and geese.

• chá kuaⁿ kṳ̆n;

  fried gibblets.

近

• Near in time or place; to draw close to; adjoining.

• kṳ̆n-kṳ̆n nē;

  close at hand.

• i kṳ̆n jît cìaⁿ lâi;

  he came not long since.

• úa kṳ̆n sî cìaⁿ lâi;

  I came lately.

• ciang kṳ̆n àiⁿ hó̤ lío;

  it will very soon be finished.

• kṳ̆n hái kâi tī-hng;

  regions near the sea.

• kṳ̆n-lâi ŭ sĭm-mih sin bŭn?

  What news is there of late?

• cía sĭ tŏ̤ cí kṳ̆n nî cìaⁿ sin khí lī;

  these are the new regulations, established within the last few years.

• tùi cí tîo lō ío kṳ̆n;

  it is nearer to go by this road.

• cŏ̤ kṳ̆n i sin-piⁿ;

  sit close to him.

• kîaⁿ kṳ̆n lō;

  go the nearest way.

• i kâi mâk kṳ̆n-sĭ;

  she is near sighted.

• cí kù ūe tàⁿ lâi ío kṳ̆n lí;

  this is nearer the truth.

• hn̆g kṳ̆n thŵn mîaⁿ;

  spread its fame far and near.

• lîn-kṳ̆n hieⁿ;

  neighboring villages.

• àiⁿ kîaⁿ kṳ̆n, tin-tò̤ hn̆g;

  wanted to go by the nearest route, and went by the farthest instead.

• hŭ-kṳ̆n kâi tī-hng;

  adjacent land.

• kṳ̆n tō;

  the present generation.

• i m̄ káⁿ kṳ̆n côiⁿ;

  he dare not approach.

• cía kâi nâng, hó̤ kio i chin-kṳ̆n;

  this person is one we may affiliate with.

• cí kĭaⁿ sṳ̄ i kâi sèⁿ ío kṳ̆n;

  this is something that he would learn more easily, having a natural bent toward it.

• thóiⁿ-kìⁿ li kṳ̆n, kîaⁿ tîeh cìaⁿ cai hn̆g;

  it appeared to be close at hand, but on walking there we found it far off.

• hn̆g chìo m̄ jû kṳ̆n phûh;

  a strong friend far away is not so good as a weak one near by.

• íen cúi kìu put tit kṳ̆n húe;

  water that is distant cannot put out a fire close at hand.