A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect (汕頭方言音義字典) / ngien

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研

• Thoroughly, minutely.

• ngien kìu;

  expound minutely.

• ngien sím;

  adjudicate with the utmost nicety.

研

• To search into carefully.

• ngîen kìu;

  examine so as to be able to expound.

• lṳ́ tîeh khṳ̀ sòi ngîen; cìaⁿ cai hṳ́ tói kâi ì-bī;

  you must go and examine into it minutely, then you will know its inward meaning.

• tn̂g-tn̂g khṳt kuaⁿ cē ngîen sím, sṳ̄ chêng cū lò chut lâi;

  as session by session it comes before the magistrate for trial, the facts of the case will be disclosed.

**譏誚](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/譏誚)ngîen-síen334

• To scoff at; to deride.

• i kâi ngîen-síen i mih sṳ̄?

  Why do they gibe at him?

• to sĭ tó̤ ngîen-ngîen síen-síen i;

  is always satirizing him.